After treatment, four taxa were differentially abundant across arms: Prevotella, Veillonella, Clostridium XlVa and Clostridium XVIII clusters. Over the study period, there were differences in microbial composition in the aspirin vs placebo arm. Mixed-effect regression with binomial distribution estimated the effect of aspirin use on changes in the relative abundance of individual bacterial taxa via an interaction term (treatment × time). Linear discriminant analysis of effect size (LEfSe) was tested for between-arm differences in bacterial abundance. Serial measurements of gut microbial community composition and bacterial abundance were derived from 16S rRNA sequences. Healthy volunteers aged 50-75 received a standard dose of aspirin (325 mg, N = 30) or placebo (N = 20) once daily for 6 weeks and provided stool samples every 3 weeks for 12 weeks. To evaluate the effect of aspirin on the gut microbiome in a double-blinded, randomised placebo-controlled pilot trial. Aspirin is associated with decreased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), potentially by modulating the gut microbiome.
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